How to read/interpret my DEXA scan result?

"Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture." - World Health Organization (WHO) 

Title: How to read your Dexa Scan Results: Understanding Bone Health Assessment 

When it comes to maintaining optimal health, understanding the state of our bones is crucial. Dexa scan, short for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, is a non-invasive imaging technique that plays a vital role in assessing bone health. In this article, we will explore the significance of Dexa scan results and delve into the key parameters used for interpretation. 

1. T-Score: Diagnosing Osteoporosis and Osteopenia 

The T-score is the primary parameter used to diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia. It compares an individual's bone mineral density (BMD) to the peak bone density they had in early adulthood, typically around the age of 20. The T-score represents the number of standard deviations by which an individual's BMD differs from the average peak bone density.  

- A T-score of -1 and above: Indicates normal bone density. 

- A T-score between -1 and -2.5: Suggests osteopenia, a condition characterized by lower bone density than normal, but not yet classified as osteoporosis. 

- A T-score of -2.5 and below: Indicates osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and prone to fractures. 

2. Z-Score: Age and Sex Comparison 

While the T-score compares an individual's BMD to their own peak bone density, the Z-score provides a comparison to age and sex normative data. This score is particularly relevant for assessing bone health in individuals who are not yet at an age where peak bone density is expected to decline. 

For example, if a 65-year-old female undergoes a Dexa scan, her Z-score will be compared to the average bone density of other 65-year-old females. A Z-score below -2 indicates a significant deviation from the average bone density, which may warrant further investigation. 

It is important to note that the Z-score is primarily used in specific cases, such as evaluating bone health in premenopausal women, men, and children, as their bone density is expected to be different from peak adult bone density. 

Interpreting Dexa scan results requires an understanding of the T-score and Z-score. The T-score helps diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia by comparing an individual's BMD to their own peak bone density at around 20 years of age. On the other hand, the Z-score provides a comparison to age and sex normative data, particularly relevant in specific populations. 

By comprehending these scoring systems, individuals can gain insights into their bone health and take necessary measures to prevent and manage conditions such as osteoporosis. 

Remember, bone health is an essential component of overall well-being, and staying proactive in its assessment and maintenance contributes to a healthier and more fulfilling life

image shot at Ara Ha